The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has a specific unit, which deals with the cyber crime cases falling under the jurisdiction of the Union Territories. The Cyber Crime Investigation Cell (CCIC) set up by CBI, investigates cyber crime cases and help respective police organizations in implementation of laws addressing cyber crime and cyber frauds. The efforts of the State Governments are supplemented by the Central Government through regular training of their personnel on ‘Cyber Crime Investigation’ at various training institutions, like the CBI Academy at Ghaziabad, SVPNPA at Hyderabad, NCRB at New Delhi, NEPA at Barapani, LNJNNICFS at New Delhi, CDTS at Chandigarh & Hyderabad and GEQD, Hyderabad.
Police’ and ‘Public Order’ are State subjects under the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India and therefore, the State Governments are primarily responsible for prevention, detection, registration and investigation of crimes including cyber crime and for prosecuting the criminals through the machinery of their law enforcement agencies. Cyber crime cells have been set up by various State Governments.
The Committee on Draft National Policy on Prison Reforms and Correctional Administrations has given recommendations concerning Central and State Governments. Some of the major recommendations of the Committee were as under:
(i) Inclusion of the subject of Prisons in the Concurrent List,
(ii) Formulation of a new and comprehensive central law replacing the existing Prison Act 1894,
(iii) Amendment in the Representation of People Act, 1951 to provide right of franchise to all prisoners,
(iv) Continuation of scheme of Modernization of Prisons Phase II,
(v) To incorporate the principles of management of prisons and treatment of offenders in the Directive Principles of the State Policy embodied in Part IV of the Constitution of India,
(vi) Specific mention be made in the preamble to the legislations relating to administration of correctional services that correction, reformation and rehabilitation are objectives of punishment awarded to offenders,
(vii) Revision of State Prison Manuals on the lines of Model Prison Manual circulated by Govt. of India,
(viii) Setting up of a State Level Board to review all applications for remission/commutation of sentence,
(ix) To provide industrial and vocational training to all prison inmates,
(x) Disposal of mercy petitions in six months time,
(xi) Establishment of Special Courts/ Lok Adalats,
(xii) Improvement of the living conditions of prisoners in prisons, and
(xiii) Treatment of prisoners in jails.
Most of the recommendations of the Committee pertain to the State Governments and since Prison is a State subject, these were accordingly forwarded to them for implementation.
The major recommendations concerning the Government of India are (i) inclusion of Prison in the Concurrent list (ii) enactment of new central Prison Law in place of Prison Act 1894 (iii) amendment in section 62(5) of the Representation of People Act, 1951 to allow all the prisoners to vote (iv) continuance of Phase II of the scheme of Modernization of Prisons.
The Home Ministry did not find it feasible to take any action on the recommendations mentioned at (i) & (ii) above.
As regards recommendations at (iii) above, the matter was examined in consultation with the Election Commission of India. Section 62(5) of the Representation of People Act, 1951 was challenged before the Hon'ble Supreme Court. The Hon'ble Supreme Court has, however, rejected the contention and observed that the restriction imposed in the aforesaid provisions was reasonable and no arbitrariness or discrimination was involved in the provisions.
Indira Goswami also known by pen name as Mamoni Raisom Goswami (14 November 1942 – 29 November 2011), popularly known as Mamoni Baideo,among the Assamese people, was an Assamese editor, poet, professor, scholar and writer.
She was the winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award (1982), the Jnanpith Award (2000)and was also India's first Principal Prince Claus Laureate (2008)One of the most celebrated writers of contemporary Indian literature, she was noted for her novels which include The Moth Eaten Howdah of the Tusker, Pages Stained With Blood and The Man from Chinnamasta.
Role of Gram Sabha in Implementing Forest Right Act,2006
As per the Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA), the Gram Sabha has been assigned substantial role for implementation of the provisions of the Act.
Under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, the Gram Sabha has been assigned the following roles for implementing the provisions of the Act:
(i)To initiate the process for determining the nature and extent of individual or community forest rights or both that may be given to the forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers within the local limits of its jurisdiction under the Act by receiving claims, consolidating and verifying them and preparing a map delineating the area of each recommended claim in such manner as may be prescribed for exercise of such rights and then pass a resolution to that effect and thereafter forward a copy of the same to the Sub-Divisional Level Committee.
(ii)To recommend developmental projects managed by the Government which involve felling of trees not exceeding seventy-five trees per hectare, and which require diversion of forest land, under Section 3 (2) of the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
(iii)To consider the resettlement or alternative packages prepared by the State Governments for providing a secure livelihood to the affected individual forest rights holders and communities whose forest rights recognized under the Act in the critical wildlife habitats of National Parks and Sanctuaries are subsequently modified or resettled for the purposes of creating inviolate areas for wildlife conservation for providing free informed consent to the proposed resettlement and to the alternative package
(iv)To protect the wild life, forest , biodiversity, adjoining catchments areas, water sources, other ecological sensitive areas, preserve the habitat of forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers from any form of destructive practices affecting their cultural and natural heritage etc. [Section 5];and
(v)To pass a resolution against any higher authority by giving a notice of not less than sixty days to the State Level Monitoring Committee and the State Level Monitoring Committee does not proceed against such authority for enabling the Court to take cognizance of any offence under Section 7 of the Act [Section 8].
As per the information received from the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, as on 31stOctober, 2011, the claims for recognition of forest rights under the Act have been received by the Gram Sabhas in the following States:
1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Assam
3. Bihar
4. Chhattisgarh
5. Gujarat
6. Himachal Pradesh
7. Jharkhand
8. Karnataka
9. Kerala
10. Madhya Pradesh
11. Maharashtra
12. Orissa
13. Rajasthan
14. Tamil Nadu
15. Tripura
16. Uttar Pradesh
17. Uttarakhand
18. West Bengal
The Gram Sabhas in these States have also passed resolutions on such claims and forwarded the same to the Sub-Divisional Level Committees for preparation of the record of forest rights.
The Central Government provides funds to the State Governments under the Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) to redress regional imbalances in development in 250 backward districts in the country with a strategy that aims to promote the performance and capacity of Panchayats in planning, decision making, implementation and monitoring.
In addition to the BRGF, the following schemes for empowerment of Panchayats are being implemented:
(1) Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Yojana: Funds are released to States for training and capacity building of Panchayati Raj Institutions in districts uncovered by the BRGF.
(2) Rural Business Hubs: This Scheme aims to assist the Panchayats to empower rural labour productivity by providing forward backward linkages with technical assistance in Public-Private-Partnership.
(3) Panchayat Mahila Evam Yuva Shakti Abhiyan: It aims to enable women and youth Panchayat leaders to come together to articulate their problems as women Panchayat Leaders.
(4) e-Panchayat: For computerizing the databases, accounts and other functions of the Gram Panchayats for accountability and transparency.
(5) Panchayat Empowerment & Accountability Incentive Scheme: To recognize and incentivize the efforts of Panchayats with respect to transparency, accountability and efficiency and of States with respect to devolution of funds, functions and functionaries to Panchayats.
The IAS Exam in 2013 will be special .Not only will it feature the new CSAT syllabus introduced from 2011 onwards but also the pattern will be different from the 2012 IAS exam. This hub explains all the details relating to the 2013 IAS Exam including the procedure, syllabus, possible exam pattern, books to refer, and tips to crack the 2013 IAS exam.
IAS Exam : The Basics
The IAS Exam will consist of three stages: Prelims, Mains, and Interview (Personality Test). While the Preliminary exam will be objective in nature, the mains will be written while the personality test is verbal.
You have to clear the preceding stage to reach the next stage of IAS 2012 Exam. For instance you will need to first crack the IAS prelims, then appear for the mains, and based on the marks obtained you may be called for the IAS interview, the final frontier.
Applying for the 2012 IAS Exam
To appear for the IAS exam you will first need to apply for it. All the three stages of the IAS exam are conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), a Constitutional body answerable to the Union Parliament.
The notification for the Civil Services Preliminary Examination (or just IAS prelims) will appear in the Employment News and on UPSC's website on 02-02-2013 and you can apply either online or through application forms available at the Head Post Offices throughout cities in India. Remember: You cannot directly appear for the Mains or Interview. Rather you have to first apply for the Preliminary examination conducted by UPSC before proceeding to the next stage.
The last date of receipt of your application is 05-03-2013. At this stage you don't have to send any documents about your age or educational qualifications. They will be required at the time of filling the IAS Mains form.
The Preliminary exam or the first stage of the IAS Exam 2012 will be held on 18-05-2013.
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The 2012 IAS Prelims: What You Need to Know
Here is some basic and important information about the Prelims if you intend to appear for the ias exam in 2012.
The IAS Prelims will be objective in nature and consist of two paperscompulsory to all
Most questions carry a negative penalty or negative marking of 0.33 marks for each wrong answer
Each paper will of 200 marks each and 2 hours in duration. The number of questions in each paper is not fixed and can vary every year
You have to appear for both papers, held on the same day, for your papers to be checked
Even if you appear for one paper, your attempt is counted
If you merely apply for the Prelims but do not appear for the exam then your attempt is not counted
2012 Prelims Syllabus
As already mentioned, the Prelims is objective in nature and each question carries four choices out of which the candidate has to select one right option. The new CSAT or Prelims syllabus was introduced from the 2011 exam and is as follows.
(Paper 1) (200 marks) - Duration : Two hrs
Current events of national and international importance
History of India and Indian national movement
Indian and World Geography- physical, social, economic geography of India and the world
Indian Polity and governance constitution, political system, panchayati raj, public policy, Rights issues, etc.
Economic and social development sustainable development, poverty, inclusion, demographics, social sector initiatives etc.
General issues on environmental ecology, bio-diversity and climate change-that donot require subject specialization
General science.
(Paper II) (200 marks) Duration : Two hrs
Comprehension
Interpersonal skills including communication skills
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Decision making and problem solving
General mental ability
Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc. (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. Class X level)
English language comprehension skills (Class X level)
Questions relating to English Language Comprehension skills of Class X level (last item in the Syllabus of Paper-II) will be tested through passages from English language only without providing Hindi translation thereof in the question paper.
The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.
How You Cracked the Prelims in First Attempt
Many IAS exam aspirants want to know whether they can clear the ias exam 2012 prelims in their very first attempt? Yes it's entirely possible! Let me explain briefly how you cleare the prelims in first attempt itself without any coaching and very little guidance.
Read one good newspaper and two magazines for current affairs apart from Manorama Year Book for GK and Current Events.
Instead of referring multiple magazines and newspapers, I suggest you just read one good newspaper and one or two magazines for current affairs. The Hindu is a very reputed English daily and if you can get hold of it, go for it otherwise read The Indian Express.
As far as magazines are concerned, Civil Services Chronicle or civil services Times are both good magazines for current affairs and reading one will be enough. But you should surely read Manorama Year Book for not just current affairs but more importantly to build your General Knowledge.
Read the past 5 years solved question papers before and after reading a topic.
The best way to track your progress is to refer the past five years questions whenever you start a new topic. This way you know what's important and should be stressed upon. After you finish reading that topic refer the questions from that topic again and check if you can answer all of them or not.
This way you know if you have left out some important points in the first reading and can attempt course correction immediately instead of waiting till the fag end of your preparation for IAS Exam in 2012.
covered the scoring topics early
You shouldn't just study the first topic that you come across. Rather, prioritize and plan. Topics like GK, Polity, Maps can be prepared quickly and fetch easy marks. Tackle them early to pocket 30-40 marks even before you step into the exam hall.
make micro notes that you could go through quickly before the prelims
Aspirants planning to prepare for the 2012 IAS Exam should make it a habit of writing important current event and GK snippets in a diary, register or flip cards on a daily basis which you can go through 15 or 20 days before the Prelims.
Learn How to Read the Newspaper for IAS Exam
IAS 2013 Mains Examination Details
The Civil Services (Main) Examination 2012 will commence from 18-11-2013 and continue for 21 days. The first paper will be GS or General Studies followed by Essay and English (Compulsory). The third day will be the Indian Language paper and this will be followed by various optional papers on different days.
In all the 2013 IAS Mains exam will consist of 2000 marks ( GS paper of 600 marks, 2 optional papers of 600 marks each, essay paper of 200 marks) and students securing more than 940 marks (general category) can expect an Interview call from the UPSC.
Each paper of the 2013 IAS Mains exam will be of 3 hours duration and there will be 3 hours break between two papers held on the same day. For instance, GS paper 1 will be held in the morning and paper 2 in the afternoon.
Approximately 13 times the total number of seats qualify the prelims and appear for the mains exam. So if the total number of seats announced in the 2013 prelims notification is 1500, about 20,700 candidates will clear the prelims and write the mains exam.
Finally, about 2.5 time the total vacancies are called for the IAS interview. So out of 20,700 candidates writing the 2013 IAS Mains exam, about 4250 candidates will qualify for the IAS Interview.
